| Agrostis
sp. ? |
Bentgrass |
A small
grass that grows in areas dominated by Lyngby's sedge. Not
seen in flower. Not common |
I |
| Alisma
plantago-aquatica |
Water-plantain |
Leaves all
basal, similar to wapato except that the leaves are agg-shaped
to oblong. |
N |
| Aster |
Aster sp. |
Blue
flowers from late July to September. ID uncertain, but usually
called Douglas aster (Aster subspicatus). |
N |
| Bidens
cernua |
Nodding
beggarticks |
Yellow
daisy-type flowers appear in August and Septemer. Leaves
opposite, coasrsely saw-toothed. |
N |
| Callitriche
sp. |
Water-starwort |
Grows in
pools or found lying on bare mud: leaves very small (<25mm).
Very common. |
N |
| Caltha
palustris ssp. asarifolia |
Marth marigold |
Leaves
all basal, circular, on long stems; fruits pod-like; splitting
open on one side. Flowers
yelllow, in April. Common
at Annacis Island. Status: Blue |
N |
| Carex
bebbii |
Bebb's sedge |
Found at
upper end of marsh (one or two meters from the shrubs). Plant
about one meter tall. Flowers in July? Spikes 3-12, pistillate
above, closely aggregated into an ovoid to oblong head less
than 3 cm long. Only a few plants seen at Anasis Island. |
N |
| Carex
lyngbyei |
Lyngby's
sedge |
Most common
plant in the marsh; about 1 mater high; leaves flat with central
grove; flowers and fruits in drooping spikes about 5 cm long.
Native. Geese have nipped the end off every leaf-blade of
Lyngby's sedge in the marsh. |
N |
| Deschampsia
cespitosa |
Tufted hairgrass
|
Plant densely
tufted with numerous stems 20-120cm tall. Flowers in drooping
panicles, very thin and somewhat reddish, becoming straw-colored
with age. Found in only a few spots in the marsh at Anasis
Island. |
N |
| Eleocharis
parvula? |
Small spikerush |
Unbranched
thread-like bright green stems only 6 cm high in a dense
mat at the lower end of the marsh with the more common and
taller creeping spikerush. Flowering plants have a small
spikelet at the top of the stem, but so far no spikelets
have been seen on plants at Annacis Island. Status: Blue. |
N |
| Eleocharis
palustris |
Creeping
spike-rush |
Stems round,
unbranched, less than one meter tall, with a single terminal
spikelet less than 3 cm long. Flowers spirally arranged around
the spike and subtended by a single scale. Spike-rush is a
sedge, not a rush. Common at the lower edge of the marsh,
but also found at the upper end of the marsh. |
N |
| Epilobuim
ciliatum |
Purple-leaved
willowherb |
Tall plant
to 1.5 meters tall. Stems rounded. Leaves opposite. Flowers
red, with 4 notched petals. Fruits thin pod-like capsules
3-10 cm long. The subspecies Epilobuim ciliatum ssp. watsonii,
which lacks underground scales or buds and has a more or less
flat-topped inflorescence, is blue-lishted. I have not looked
for this subspecies at Annacis Island. |
N |
| Equisetum
fluviatale |
Swamp horsetail |
Tall plant
to 1 meter; usually unbranched; stem round and hollow; leaves
small, scale-like, with back tips; in whorls at intervals
on the stem; stem topped by a spore-bearing cone. |
N |
| Festuca
arundinacea |
Tall fescue |
Tall grass
(>1 meter); stems and leaves smaller than reed canary grass;
ligule (at base of leaf blade) inconspicuous (compare to prominent
ligule of reed canary grass); does not grow in dense clumps
like reed canary grass. |
I |
| Galuim
trifidum |
Small bedstraw |
Plants with
weak stems, leaves about 2 cm long in whorls of 4, flowers
small (<mm across), white. The subspecies Galuim trifidum
ssp. trifidum is blue-listed. I haven't looked for the
rare subspecies at Annacis Island. |
N |
| Glyceria
elata |
Tall mannagrass |
Ligules
3mm, erose (upper margin cut or frayed); blades rounded at
the base, clasping the stem. Tall grass (1.5 meters) found
only at the upper end of the marash, next to shrubs and trees.
Flowers in July, after reed canary grass. Easily mistaken
for reed canary grass if flowers are not present. |
N |
| Gratiola
neglecta |
American
hedge-hyssop |
Plant erect,
about 15cm tall; leaves opposite, 10-15 mm; flowers single
in the axils of the leaves. Grows in mud at the lower end
of the marsh. Only three plants found on the east side of
the marsh by some old pilings. |
N |
| Iris
pseudacorus |
Yellow flag |
Flowers
yellow; leaves long (50 to 90cm), sword-like, erect, and similar
to the longer, narrower leaves of cattail. |
I |
| Juncus
articulatus |
Jointed
rush |
Smallest
of the rushed at Annacis Island (15-50cm tall). Leaf blade
rounded, jointed (look for small darker marking at intervals
along the leaf). Inflorescence terminal (not appearing to
come from the side of the stem). Branches of the inflorescence
spreading, rather than angled sharply upward. Distinguished
from pointed rush by its smaller size, spreading inflorescence,
and joints on the leaves. Very common at the lower end of
the march, also in muddy areas at the upper end of the marsh. |
N |
| Juncus
balticus |
Baltic rush |
Flowers
small, brown, in clusters from the side of the stem. Often
found in large dense stands with all the stems lying flat.
Compare to common rush, which has smaller, flowers, thicker
stems and grows in samll dense clumps. |
N |
| Juncus
effusus |
Common rush |
Flowers
small, brown, in clusters from the side of the round stems.
Grows in clumps. Stems erect, never found lying flat. |
N |
| Juncus
owymeris |
Pointed
rush |
Tall rush
(to 90 cm tall). Leaves well developed, somewhat flatttened,
incompletely jointed (small dark marks on leaf blade do not
span the entire width of the blade). Inflorescence terminal
(does not appear to come from the side of the stem). Branches
of the inflorescence angled upward rather than spreading sideways.
Farily common in the upper marsh growin with Lyngby's sedge.
Found from California to southwestern B.C. Common in most
of its range, but rare and uncommon in B.C. Status: Blue |
N |
| Lilaea
scilloides |
Flowering
quillwort |
Grows with
water mudwort (limosella aquatica) and jointed rush
(Juncus articulatus) at the lower end of the marsh,
but much less common. Only two plants seen. Status: Blue. |
N |
| Lilaeopsis
occidentalis |
Western
lilaeopsis |
A
small plant which grows with water mudwort at the lower end
of the marsh. |
N |
| Limosella
aquatica |
Water mudwort |
A very small
plant growing in the mud at the lower end of the marsh. Leaves
all basal in a tuft, blades 1-3 cm on slender stalks 1-8 cm
long. Look for small white tubular flowers about 3mm long.
Flowers followed by small (2-3.5 mm) rounded seed capsules.
Common at Annacis Island on the mudflat. |
N |
| Lotus
corniculatus |
Bird's-foot
trefoil |
Flowers
yellow; lower petals (wings) enclosing thepistil and stamens;
upper petal (banner) curving up. Leaves compound, consisting
of 3 leaflets and 2 leaf-like stipules. |
I |
| Lycopus
europaeus |
European
horehound |
Stems square,
leaves opposite with large teeth (or pinnately lobed). Flower
small white, in the axils of the upper leaves, in July, August
and September. Known only from the lower Fraser Valley. Spreads
by creeping rhizomes. Introduced from Europe. Common. Very
invasive in places. |
I |
| Lysichiton
americanum |
Skunk cabbage |
Leaves in
a large basal rosette, huge (to 1.5 metres long and 0.5 metres
wide). Native. Found at the upper end of the marsh and in
boggy areas in the adjacent woodland. |
N |
| Lythrum
salicaria |
Purple loosestrife |
Stems square
(4-angled), leaves usually in opposite paris, sometimes whorled
in 3's; no basal leaves; flowers purple in terminal spike.
Introduced. Could be confused with the Henderson's checker
malllow. Introduced. |
I |
| Mentha
aquatica |
Water mint |
Stems square.
leaves opposite strongly lemon-scented. Seldom Flowers in
our area. |
I |
| Mentha
arvense |
Field mint |
Stems square;
leaves in opposite paris. Similar to horehound, but flowers
are red and leaves have small inconspicuous teeth. Native
wildflower. Flowers July to September. |
N |
| Menyanthes
trifoliata |
Bogbean |
Leaves all
basal, in 3s, often emerging from shallow water. Flowers white
with fringed petal, in May. There are at least two large patches
of this plant in the upper marsh at Annacis island. |
N |
| Mimulus
guttatus |
Yellow monkey
flower |
Leaves
in pairs (opposite), oval, toothed, lower ones stalked, upper
ones clasping the stems. Stem weak, rounded (not angled).
Flowers yellow, in July and August. |
N |
| Myosotis
scorpioides |
Marsh forget-me-not |
Blue forget-me-not
flowers. Leaves alternate, entire (not toothed). Very common
introduced species. |
I |
| Oenanthe
sarmentosa |
Pacific
water-parsley |
Leaves 2-3
times coarsely pinnately divided; leaflets toothed and cleft.
Flowers white, very small, in compact flat-topped or slilghtly
rounded cluster. Flowers from late July. |
N |
| Phalaris
arundinacea |
Reed canary
grass |
Very tall
grass with prominent white ligule (4 to 10 mm). Leaves wider
and stems thicker than tall fescue. Grows in dense clumps
that exclude other plants. The plants in the marsh at Anasis
Island are probably native and are found in a few small clumps
and do not appear to be expanding at the expense of other
plants. |
I |
| Platanthera
dilatata |
White rein
orchid |
Plant to
about 70 cm. Flower white and very fragrant; flowers 30 to
50 in terminal spikes. In flower late June and July. Native
wildflower. Grows in the upper end of the marsh with Lyngby's
sedge and other plants. Fairly common in the marsh at Anasis
Island. |
N |
| Polygonum
amphibium |
Water smartweed |
Leaves
alternate, lance-shaped, entire (not toothed). stipule forming
a conspicuous fringed collar. |
N |
| Polygonum
hydropiper |
Marshpepper
smartweed |
Flowers
greenish, glandular dottted, in late August and September.
Common in the lower marsh. |
I |
| Potentilla
anserina ssp. pacifica |
Silverweed |
Low-growing
perennial that spreads by runners. Flowers yellow; similar
to buttercup. Leaves pinnately compound with 7 to 21 main
leaflets; leaflets silvery white beneath. |
N |
| Rumex
occidentalis |
Western
dock |
Tall (to
2 meters) plant found in the upper marsh. Upper part of stem
bearing many reddish achenes. Not common, but conspicuous
because it is taller than surroung marsh plants and because
it bears so many reddish achenes. |
N |
| Sagittaria
latifolia |
Wapato,
arrowhead |
Leaves basal,
large, upright, shaped like a large arrowhead. |
N |
| Scirpus
cyperinus |
Wool-grass |
Up to 1.5
meters tall. Stems leafy (unlike tule). Flowers in numerous
small (less than 5mm) brown spikelets that appear "wooly."
Fairly common in the upper marsh. |
N |
| Scirpus
lacustris |
Tule |
Also called
hard-stemmed or soft -stemmed bulrush. Stems round, unbranched,
leafless, 1 to 3 meter tall. Flowers in small brown spikelets
8 to 15 millimeters long at the top of the stem. Despite the
round stem, tule is a sedge, not a rush. Common in the marsh
at Anasis Island. |
N |
| Scirpus
microcarpus |
Small-flowered
bulrush |
Similar
to wool-grass, but spikelets appear darker and are not "wooly."
Not nearly as common at Anasis Island as wool-grass. |
N |
| Sidalcea
hendersonii |
Henderson's
checker mallow |
Basal leaves
long-stalked, round-toothed, hear-shaped at base; stem leaves
alternate, palmately five lobed. Flowers deep pink in a terminal
spike. Resembles puple loosestrife, but differs in having
basal leaves and alternate (not opposite) stem leaves. Found
at three locations at the west end of Annacis Island. There
is one relatively large population on the east side of the
creek just east of the boardwalk. In the summer of 2001 this
population was practically bured under woody debris. Satus:
Blue. |
N |
| Sium
suave |
Hemlock
water-parsnip |
Pant up
to 120 cm tall. leaves once-divided into 7-15 leaflets that
are lance-shaped to linear, saw-toothed. Flowers white, small,
numerous in dense unbrella-like clusters. Common at Annacis
Island and in Lyngby's sedge marshes in the lower Fraser River
area. |
N |
| Typha
latifolia |
Cattail |
Leaves long
and narow held upright. Seed-heads large, brown, cylindrical.
Not common at the west end of Annacis Island where there are
only a few small isolated patch of cattail marsh. |
N |
